在计算机网络中，服务器端口是用于区分不同服务或应用程序的逻辑通道。每个端口都有一个唯一的数字标识，范围从0到65535。这些端口可以分为三大类：知名端口、注册端口和动态/私有端口。

  1. 知名端口（Well-Known Ports）
    知名端口的范围是0到1023，通常用于系统级服务或广泛使用的应用程序。这些端口由IANA（互联网编号分配机构）统一管理。常见的知名端口包括：
  • 80端口：HTTP协议，用于网页浏览。
  • 443端口：HTTPS协议，用于加密的网页浏览。
  • 21端口：FTP协议，用于文件传输。
  • 22端口：SSH协议，用于安全远程登录。
  • 25端口：SMTP协议，用于电子邮件发送。
  1. 注册端口（Registered Ports）
    注册端口的范围是1024到49151，通常用于用户级应用程序或特定服务。这些端口可以由企业或组织向IANA申请注册。常见的注册端口包括：
  • 3306端口：MySQL数据库服务。
  • 8080端口：HTTP代理或备用网页服务。
  • 3389端口：远程桌面协议（RDP）。
  • 1433端口：Microsoft SQL Server数据库服务。
  1. 动态/私有端口（Dynamic/Private Ports）
    动态端口的范围是49152到65535，通常用于临时连接或客户端应用程序。这些端口不会被固定分配给任何服务，而是由操作系统动态分配。

英文翻译：
What Ports Are Composed of Server Ports?

In computer networks, server ports are logical channels used to distinguish different services or applications. Each port has a unique numeric identifier, ranging from 0 to 65535. These ports can be divided into three main categories: well-known ports, registered ports, and dynamic/private ports.

  1. Well-Known Ports
    Well-known ports range from 0 to 1023 and are typically used for system-level services or widely-used applications. These ports are managed by IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority). Common well-known ports include:
  • Port 80: HTTP protocol, used for web browsing.
  • Port 443: HTTPS protocol, used for encrypted web browsing.
  • Port 21: FTP protocol, used for file transfer.
  • Port 22: SSH protocol, used for secure remote login.
  • Port 25: SMTP protocol, used for email sending.
  1. Registered Ports
    Registered ports range from 1024 to 49151 and are typically used for user-level applications or specific services. These ports can be registered by organizations with IANA. Common registered ports include:
  • Port 3306: MySQL database service.
  • Port 8080: HTTP proxy or alternative web service.
  • Port 3389: Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP).
  • Port 1433: Microsoft SQL Server database service.
  1. Dynamic/Private Ports
    Dynamic ports range from 49152 to 65535 and are typically used for temporary connections or client applications. These ports are not permanently assigned to any service but are dynamically allocated by the operating system.

通过了解服务器端口的分类和用途，可以更好地管理和配置网络服务，确保数据的安全和高效传输。